ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: It has been reported that neovascularization of the optic disc (NVD) occurs in ocular ischemic syndrome, sickle cell hemoglobinopathy, ocular sarcoidosis, Eales' disease, and central retinal artery occlusion. However, NVD in acute ophthalmic artery occlusion had not been reported. Therefore, we report one unusual case of NVD in acute ophthalmic artery obstruction. METHODS: A 56 year-old man with complaint of abrupt decrease of visual acuity and periorbital discomfort underwent medical history taking, periorbital examination, fundus examination, and fluorescein angiography. He was followed up for 5 months RESULTS: Fundus examination showed segmentation of blood flow and diffuse retinal whitish opacity on the posterior pole around the center of the macula, without any cherry red spots in the perifoveal area. Fluorescein angiography showed a marked filling delay in the nasal retinal and choroidal circulations with a definite watershed zone involving the peripapillary choroid and macula. The retinal arteries filling and arteriovenous transit time were delayed. There was no light-perception vision and low intraocular pressure. Diabetes was found on systemic examination. Five weeks later, NVD and choroidal atrophy around the optic disc were detected. Panretinal photocoagulation was performed for the regression of NVD. NVD was regressed, but recurred.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Atrophy , Choroid , Fluorescein Angiography , Hemoglobinopathies , Intraocular Pressure , Light Coagulation , Medical History Taking , Ophthalmic Artery , Prunus , Retinal Artery , Retinal Artery Occlusion , Retinaldehyde , Sarcoidosis , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
This experimental studies was to investigate the location of CNS labeled neurons following injection of pseudorabies virus (PRV), Bartha strain, into the rat thymus. After survival times of 96~120 hours following injection of PRV, the rats were perfused, and their spinal cord and brain were frozen sectioned(30micrometer). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining method, and observed with light microscope The results were as follows: 1. The PRV labeled spinal cord segments projecting to the rat thymus were founded in cervical and thoracic segments. Densely labeled areas of each spinal cord segment were founded in lamina V, VII, X, intermediolateral nucleus and dorsal nucleus. 2. In the rhombencephalon, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the thymus were founded in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus, rostroventro-lateral reticular nucleus, medullary reticular nucleus, area postrema, nucleus solitary tract, nucleus raphe obscurus, nucleus raphe pallidus, nucleus raphe magnus, gigantocellular reticular nucleus, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus and spinal trigeminal nucleus. 3. In the mesencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were founded in parabrachial nucleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, central gray matter, substantia nigra, nucleus dorsal raphe, A8 dopamin cells of retrorubral field, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus nucleus and A5 noradrenalin cells. 4. In the prosencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were founded in reuniens thalamic nucleus, paraventricular thalamic nucleus, precommissural nucleus, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior hypothalamic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic nucleus, preoptic hypothalamic nucleus, retrochiasmatic area, arcuate nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. These results suggest that PRV labeled neurons of the spinal cord projecting to the rat thymus might be the neurons related to the viscero-somatic sensory and sympathetic preganglionic neurons, and PRV labeled neurons of the brain may be the neurons response to the movement of smooth muscle in blood vessels. These PRV labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory system monitoring the internal environment. These observations provide evidence for previously unknown projections from spinal cord and brain to the thymus which may be play an important role in the regulation of thymic function.